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About Xenon

THE WORD

Xenon (from Greek îÝíïí meaning "strange one" or "stranger") was discovered in England by William Ramsay and Morris Travers on July 12, 1898, shortly after their discovery of the elements  and neon. They found it in the residue left over from evaporating components of liquid air.

 

USES

Xenon is today used widely and most famously used in light-emitting devices called Xenon flash lamps, which are used in photographic flashes and stroboscopic lamps, to excite the active medium in lasers which then generate coherent light, to produce laser power for inertial confinement fusion, in bactericidal lamps (rarely), and in certain dermatological uses. Continuous, short-arc, high pressure Xenon arc lamps have a colour temperature closely approximating noon sunlight and are used in solar simulators, typical 35mm and IMAX film projection systems, automotive HID headlights and other specialized uses. They are an excellent source of short wavelength ultraviolet radiation and they have intense emissions in the near infrared, which are used in some night vision systems.

 

HOW DOES XENON WORK

Xenon is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere, occurring in one part in twenty million. The element is obtained commercially through extraction from the residues of liquefied air. This noble gas is naturally found in gases emitted from some mineral springs. Radioactive species of xenon, for example 133Xe and 135Xe are produced by neutron irradiation of fissionable material within nuclear reactors. Like the noble gas krypton, xenon can also be extracted by fractional distillation or liquefaction of liquid air and by selective adsorption on activated carbon.

 

SAFETY

The gas can be safely kept in normal sealed glass containers at standard temperature and pressure. Xenon is non-toxic, but many of its compounds are toxic due to their strong oxidative properties.

The speed of sound in xenon is slower than that in air (due to the slower average speed of the heavy xenon atoms compared to nitrogen and oxygen molecules), so xenon lowers the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract when inhaled. This produces a characteristic lowered voice pitch, opposite the high-pitched voice caused by inhalation of helium. Like helium, xenon does not satisfy the body's need for oxygen and is a simple asphyxiant; consequently, many universities no longer allow the voice stunt as a general chemistry demonstration. As xenon is expensive, the gas sulphur hexafluoride, which is similar to xenon in molecular weight (146 vs 131), is generally used in this stunt, although it too is an asphyxiant.

 

A myth exists that xenon is too heavy for the lungs to expel unassisted, and that after inhaling xenon, it is necessary to bend over completely at the waist to allow the excess gas to "spill" out of the body. In fact, the lungs mix gases very effectively and rapidly, such that xenon would be purged from the lungs within a breath or two. There is, however, a danger associated with any heavy gas in large quantities: it may sit invisibly in a container, and if a person enters a container filled with an odourless, colourless gas, they may find themselves breathing it unknowingly. Xenon is rarely used in large enough quantities for this to be a concern, though the potential for danger exists any time a tank or container of xenon is kept in an unventilated space.

 

This information was kindly obtained from the knowledgebase known as Wikipedia.org

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